The Problem With Today s Police - 888 Words

Is there really a problem with today s police? When the U.S. retreated back several years ago from waging constant battles in Iraq and Afghanistan, the mindset of war continues to remain unchanged. The current administration now hands out military surplus gear left and right, gearing local police officers to wage war in the neighborhood of America s residents. Officers looked ready to fight a war, when donning their new police uniforms with a discreet black or camouflage pattern along with the latest and greatest military advancements in weapons and tactics. The level of tactical superiority provides only short term relief to the situation, but on the contrary creates a significant amount of long term problems in deteriorating public support of police. Through the public support of ending the 1033 program, change the culture of the police, and the need of community centered training. These steps guarantee the disseverment of police militarization due to the duty of the citizen to tak e the law into their own hand and account. The major solution in solving the case of police militarization deals directly with the current mindset of the citizen. The need for ending the 1033 program, which grants police department numerous military grade equipment from transportation vehicle, camouflage clothing, and firearms. There calls for public support for the matter in ending the program and returning the equipment to the state and recycle the material for different uses. The removal ofShow MoreRelatedFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. 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I don t care who you are, you have to be able to realize nowadays that the police brutality is getting out of hand, that the power surge is growing and growing. Look around, there s an increase of civilians death via cops, an increase of reports of police wrongdoing

Body Comodification in Maria Full of Grace Free Essays

Writer and director Joshua Marston’s film â€Å"Maria Full of Grace† chronicles the titular character’s foray into the drug trade. The young girl, in desperate circumstances, wagers that the money promised to her by her drug running employers against the plethora of possible unfortunate outcomes, and when she accepts the job, her body effectively becomes commodified. Maria, in the film, is reduced by her employers from a daughter, sister and expectant mother to little more than a human container, a clandestine vessel to facilitate the import of cocaine into the United States from Columbia. We will write a custom essay sample on Body Comodification in Maria Full of Grace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maria Full of Grace† exposes the methods that drug cartels use to ensure that their shipments arrive to their destinations. The mules are made to swallow pellets of cocaine, and, upon arriving in the United States, excrete them to be sold. This method of delivery is fraught with danger. There is, of course, the possibility that the mules will be discovered by authorities on either side of the border, and smuggling such large quantities of narcotics carries hefty penalties that could see them locked up for life. Another, even more serious threat is that the pellets could, at any time, rupture inside of the mule’s body, which is tantamount to a death sentence. With these dangers being considered, it can be difficult to imagine how someone could allow themselves to be used in such a way, but, luckily, the film includes the necessary motivations. Maria is prompted to become a drug mule when she loses her job de-thorning roses. She had been keeping her struggling family afloat with this occupation, and was in desperate need of employment, especially considering she was pregnant. While all drug mules have various reasons for choosing to use their bodies to transport drugs, most of those reasons are to escape desperate circumstances. The mules are given the opportunity to feed their starving families, to find some solace from their impoverished lives. The mules hold no illusions about becoming rich, they are simply compelled by their lack of options to accept any job that pays well, even if it means risking anything. Drug mules are compelled by desperation into the horrific world of drug smuggling, but the cartels are motivated only by lust for greed and profit. This represents yet another risk that the mules must face. In â€Å"Maria full of Grace† when Lucy falls ill, the cartel members that contact her pay no mind to the fact that she is dying before their eyes. To the drug runners, Lucy has fulfilled her purpose by transporting the cocaine, and they thus have no reason to protect her life. When Lucy dies, she is disemboweled in the bathtub of a hotel room for the drugs she was carrying. nd her body is simply and unceremoniously dumped, this turn of events serves to showcase the fact that the cartels feel no empathy towards the people that they rely upon, for, to them, they are not people, but have been reduced to mere objects. â€Å"Maria Full of Grace† helps to showcase how globalization is allowing human beings to be reduced to commodities. The international trade in drugs mak es many unscrupulous people a lot of money, and so, those people are willing to go to any lengths to ensure that the drug trade between nations continues. When border patrol agents, drug sniffing dogs and the coast guard shut down avenues of trade, the cartels turned to the idea of using people as the containers of their wares. This commodification of the human body dehumanizes the mules to such an extent that when they die serving their employers, their thanks is to be cut beyond recognition for their cargo and disposed of, as if they were trash to be thrown out. Joshua Marston’s film perfectly reveals the negative ways in which globalization has led to the commodification of the human body How to cite Body Comodification in Maria Full of Grace, Essay examples

A View Of The Medieval Christian Church free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Subject: English 243TITLE: # 8220 ; The Canterbury Tales: A position of the Medieval Christian Church # 8221 ; In discoursing Chaucer # 8217 ; s aggregation of narratives called The CanterburyTales, an interesting pictureor illustration of the Medieval Christian Church is presented. However, while people demanded morevoice in the personal businesss of authorities, the church became corrupt # 8212 ; thiscorruption besides led to a morecrooked society. However, there is no such thing as merely churchhistory ; This is because thechurch can neer be studied in isolation, merely because it has alwaysrelated to the societal, economicand political context of the twenty-four hours. In history so, there is a two wayprocess where the church has aninfluence on the remainder of society and of class, society influences thechurch. This is of course becauseit is the people from a society who make up the church # 8230 ; .and those samepeople became thepersonalities that created these narratives of a pilgrimmage to Canterbury. The Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England was to take topographic point in arelatively short period of clip, but this was non because of the success of the Augustinian attempt. Indeed, the early old ages of thismission had an ambivalency which shows in the figure of people who hedgedtheir stakes bypracticing both Christian and Pagan rites at the same clip, and in thenumber of people whopromptly apostatized when a Christian male monarch died. There is surely noevidence for a large-scaleconversion of the common people to Christianity at this clip. Augustine wasnot the most diplomaticof work forces, and managed to antagonise many people of power and influence inBritain, non least amongthem the native British clerics, who had neer been peculiarly eager tosave the psyche of theAnglo-Saxons who had brought such acrimonious times to their people. In theirisolation, the British Churchhad maintained older ways of celebrated the major festivals of Christianity, and Augustine # 8217 ; s attempt tocompel them to conform to modern Roman use merely angered them. WhenAugustine died ( sometime between 604 and 609 AD ) , so, Christianity had merely a unstable holdon Anglo -SaxonEngland, a clasp which was limited mostly to a few in the nobility. Christianity was to becomefirmly established merely as a consequence of Irish attempts, who from centres inScotland and Northumbriamade the common people Christian, and established on a steadfast footing theEnglish Church. At all degrees of society, belief in a God or Gods was non a affair ofchoice, it was a affair of fact. Atheism was an foreigner construct ( and one dating from the 18th century ) . Populating in the in-between ages, one would come into contact with the Church in a figure of ways. First, there were the everyday church services, held daily and attendedat least one time a hebdomad, and thespecial festivals of Christmas, Easter, baptisms, matrimonies, etc.. In thatrespect the medieval Churchwas no different to the modern one. Second, there were the tithes that theChurch collected, usuallyonce a twelvemonth. Tithes were used to feed the parish priest, maintain the fabricof the church, and to help the hapless. Third, the Church fulfilled the maps of a # 8216 ; civil service # 8217 ; andan instruction system. Schoolsdid non be ( and were unneeded to a mostly peasant society ) , but theChurch and the governmentneeded work forces who could read and compose in English and Latin. The Church trainedits ain work forces, and thesewent to assist in the authorities: authorship letters, maintaining histories and so on. The words # 8216 ; cleric # 8217 ; and # 8217 ; clerk # 8217 ; have the same beginning, and every Lord would hold at least onepriest to move as a secretary. The power of the Church is frequently over-emphasized. Surely, the latermedieval Church was rich andpowerful, and that power was frequently misused # 8211 ; particularly in Europe. Bishopsand archbishops wereappointed without any preparation or clerical background, church officeschanged custodies for hard currency, and so on. The authorization of the early medieval Church in England was no different tothat of a ny other landholder. So, the inquiry that haunted mediaeval adult male was that of his ain redemption. The being of Godwas neer questioned and the heart-cry of mediaeval society was a desire toknow God and achieveintimacy with the Godhead. Leading a life delighting to God was the uppermostconcern, and the widediversity of mediaeval piousness is merely because people answered the inquiry, # 8217 ; How can I best lead a holylife? # 8217 ; in so many different ways. Get downing with # 8220 ; The Pardoner # 8217 ; s Tale # 8221 ; , thetheme of redemption is trulyparamount. Chaucer, being one of the most of import medieval writers, usesthis prologue and taleto make a statement about purchasing redemption. The character of the forgiver isone of the mostdespicable pilgrims, apparently # 8220 ; along for the drive # 8221 ; to his following # 8220 ; gig # 8221 ; as theseller of relics. # 8220 ; For mynentente is nat but for to winne, / And no thing for correccion of sinne, # 8221 ; admits the forgiver in hisprologue. As a affair of fact, the forgiver is merely in it for the money, asevident from this transition: I wol none of the Apostles countrefete: I wold have moneye, wolle, cheese, and whete, Al were it yiven of the pooreste page, Or of the pooreste widwe in a small town # 8212 ; Al sholde hir kids sterve for dearth. Nay, I drinke licour of the vine And have a joly wenche in every town. In his narrative, the Pardoner slips into his function as the holiest of sanctums andspeaks of the direconsequences of gluttony, gaming, and lechery. He cites Attila the Hunwith, # 8220 ; Looke Attila, thegrete conquerour, / Deide in his slumber with shame and dishonor, / Bleeding athis olfactory organ indronkenesse # 8221 ; . The personification of the deathly wickednesss, along with his storyof the three greedymen that finally perish at the custodies of their wickedness is a distinguishable medievaldevice. The amusing turn thatChaucer adds to the device, though, is t hat the Pardoner in himself is asthe personification of wickedness, as isevident from the transitions of his prologue. At the decision of his narrative, the Pardoner asks, # 8220 ; Allas, mankinde, how may it bitide/ That to thy Creatour which that thee wroughte, /And with his preciousherte blood boughte, / Thou art so fals and unkinde, allas? # 8221 ; . He so goes onto offer eachpilgrim a topographic point # 8230 ; for a monetary value, of class. The Pardoner # 8217 ; s topographic point in Chaucer # 8217 ; s thought of salvation becomes apparent inthe epilogue of the narrative. After offering the host the first forgiveness ( # 8221 ; For he is most envoluped insinne # 8221 ; and, purportedly, theequivalent of Chaucer ) , the host berates the forgiver, stating, # 8220 ; I wolde Ihadde thy coilons inmyn hond, / In stede of relikes or of saintuarye./ Lat cutte him of # 8221 ; . Bythis, the thought of thepardoner as the most of import adult male on the pilgrims journey is bro ught to fruitionand Chaucer makes themain point of this narrative: Redemption is non for sale. Another illustration of themedieval compulsion withredemption. However, some did non accept this and questioned the church # 8212 ; It waswhat they wanted otherthan # 8220 ; a holy life with a Old-Testament God # 8221 ; ; That manner of thinkingevenually lead to a # 8220 ; more soft, mother-figure # 8221 ; as a goddess # 8212 ; The Cult of the Virgin. The eminent questionthen becomes, # 8220 ; Whywould people change from a durable, Old-Testament God to a mother-likegoddess? The answeris merely because they thought their # 8220 ; new found Goddess # 8221 ; would neer be asharsh on people as theoften criticized male like facet of God. In both current Catholicism andthat of the mediaeval period, Mary is worshipped with more ardor than even God or Jesus. Church afterchurch was ( and still is ) erected in her name. Her similitude graced statues and stained glass with asmuch frequence a s Jesus # 8217 ; bloody caput. The worship of Mary is ardent, institutionalised, and approvedof by the Christian church. Is she non a goddess? Mary merely took the topographic point of the female facets ofthe spirit that were onceworshipped as Roman or Anglo-Saxon goddesses. The mediaeval period, stretching about from the late seventhcentury to the early sixteenth, was bound together under one changeless # 8211 ; Roman Catholic Christianity. Butbeneath this # 8220 ; drape ofChristianity # 8221 ; many fables were being formed and passed down, as old pagantraditions becameassimilated into a freshly Christian society. The two spiritual signifiers werebecoming intertwined. Theyseemed at this clip to be tolerant of each other, non wholly distinguishable. Apeoples wonts and thoughtprocesses are non easy changed, and being that the Anglo-saxons of Britainwere non Christians untilthe mid-600 # 8217 ; s, a period of passage can be expected. At least, afascination with their heathen ance storsexisted, at most, the pattern of the old ways. Examples of a fascinationwith thaumaturgy, idolizing morethan one god-like figure, and a go oning love for idolizing goddesses, exist in many texts written inthis period. Yet, this does non intend that every small town had a sorceress intheir thick, but literature normally reflects the society within which it emerges. At the clip of TheCanterbury Tales, many of apeople who were Christians officially, politically, and in most instances atheart, saw that there were elementsof pagan religion and black magic which is tolerated and respected. The society inwhich Chaucer writes thesestories is Chris tian as well, politically and spiritually–could it be thatthey tolerated and respectedpaganism and magic? Perhaps the separation of the two is not necessary andwas not complete at thispoint in time. Not only was magic a pagan tradition that persisted throughout theMiddle Ages..another tradition,changing at the time, reflected the transition from worshipping the unseenforces in the world as manygods, to one, omnipotent God. Although the people were Christians, they tookthe separation of spiritualpowers far beyond the creation the Trinity. The specific powers or emphasisgiven to each saintcarries on even into today’s Catholic tradition. The medieval period mayhave had some of this(although many of the saints were not even born yet†¦) but in theirliterature, many immortal andpowerful creatures are found. This form of Paganism existed in Britain ofthe Middle ages, full ofspiritual beings, full of magic, alive with heavenly power existing onEarth. It has been the natu re of theChristian men in power through the ages to, for fear, deny their people theknowledge of the un-Christianrichness in their ancestry, and so the traditions that were not masked asChristian are lost to studentsof Christian history and literature. But it seems this period had not seensuch extensive discrimination. The two ways of the world were not quite so separate then, and matters ofthe occult were not yetlabeled as evil. This again implies that perhaps the two forms of religiousthought do not have to becompletely separate. There are strong similarities for them to coincide andcomplement eachother, and for an entire people trying to make the Christian transition,maybe this complementing wasnecessary. However, the age of forceful patriarchy and witch-burning wouldnot come about for severalhundred years. Each new way of leading a â€Å"holy life† was thought to be progressivelymore acceptable to Godby its proponents than the ones that had gone before. Such ‘new wa ys’ werenormally inspired by adesire to break away from the corruption and worldliness which was percievedin the older or moreestablished forms of Godly living. These new ways often became corruptthemselves and over timebreakaways from them were hailed as a newer and more perfect way offollowing God. Thisroller-coaster ride of corruption and reform is basically the story ofpopular medieval religion as manbattled to define and discover what it really meant to be a Christian. In an effort to escape persecution, but to also flee the evil, prevalent inthe world and to seek Godfree from many ‘ worldly ‘ distractions, monks began to assemble ascommunities of Christians . Thesecommunities, although they had little organization, were regarded aspossessing the best Christian lifeby having a solitary, ascetic, celibate existence where the ‘ world ‘ hadbeen totally renounced and hadbeen entirely replaced with heavenly contemplation. These ‘ new ‘ mart yrswere usually just calledmonks: theirs was a life of daily martyrdom as they constantly died to selfand lived totally for God. The monks paid particular veneration to the physical remains of the martyrs(relics) and were thereforeconnected to the martyrs who they replaced. The rise of ascetic monasticismand relic worship howeverwas quite controversial — Both the worship of relics and asceticmonasticism however becamemainstays of this Medieval religion, and the idea that monks were a new formof martyr persistedover time. Both monks as well as martyrs were looked upon as holy men. In relating this solitary world to readers, there is also a monk inChaucer’s work — He is someonewho combined godliness and worldliness into a profitable and comfortableliving. He was theoutrider or the person in charge of the outlying property†¦.which lead himto enjoy hunting, fine foods,and owning several horses. Monks renounced all their worldly belongings andby taking vows of p overty,chastity and obedience, joined a community of monks. Their lives were spentin communal worship,devotional reading, prayer and manual labour all under the authority of theabbot of the monastic house. Particular monks often had particular jobs- the cellarer or the infirmarerfor example, and these like every aspect of monastic life were laid down inthe ‘Rule’. Monks were nearly always of noble extraction (onehad to have wealth in order to give it up) but could also be given to themonastery as children (calledoblates) to be brought up as monks. Hindsight has blurred our vision of the Medieval monk and the result isthat the modern Christianmindset has condemned him for his selfish escapism from the world and forhis apparent neglect of thosewho needed Christ outside of the cloister. The Medieval mindset was verydifferent. The monastery wasan integral part of the local community — it probably owned most of thefarming land in the area- and thefortunes of the peopl e in any area were bound up with the spirituality ofits monastic house. The monkswere on the front line of the spiritual battle-it was they who did battle inprayer for their community, whowarded off devils and demons and who prayed tirelessly for the salvation ofthe souls of those in theircommunity. Rather than being the cowards of Christianity unable to take thestrain of living a Christianlife in the real world, the monks were like spiritual stormtroopersinterceeding for an area against itssupernatural enemies in mudh the same way as a local lord in his castleprotected an area against itsphysical enemies. The people gave gifts to both lord and abbot in return fora service. The Pardoner also represents the tradition of faith — in respect tothe church of his time. The Pardoner isrepresentative of the seamy side of the corrupt church and a broken ortwisted (if you will) faith. Thefaith of a bureaucracy, which is what the church had become. The Pardonerwas a church official whoh ad the authority to forgive those who had sinned by selling pardons andindulgences to them. Although,the Pardoner was a church official, he was clearly in the â€Å"church† businessfor economic reasons. ThePardoner, a devious and somewhat dubious individual had one goal: Get themost money for pardons byalmost any means of coercion necessary. A twisted and ironic mind, hasbasically defined himself throughhis work for a similarly corrupt church. In contrast, the Plowman hasnothing but a seeminglyuncomplicated and untwisted faith. The Plowman has the faith of a poorfarmer, uncomplicated by thebureaucracy of the church. The Pardoner is probably on this journey becausehe is being required to goby the church or he sees some sort of economic gain from this voyage, mostlikely from sellingforgiveness to the other pilgrims. The Plowman on the other hand is probablyon this voyage because ofhis sincerity and faith in its purpose. While this was the story of religion at ‘grass-roots ’ level, at theorganisational and hierarchical level,the church developed along a different line. It became more organized, morebureaucratic, more legal,more centralized and basically more powerful on a European scale. Thisprocess was spearheadedby the papacy and reached its pinnacle under Pope Innocent III in the early13th Century. He embodiedwhat became known as the ‘papal monarchy’ – a situation where the popesliterally were kings in theirown world. The relative importance of spiritual and secular power in theworld was a constant question inthe middle ages with both secular emperors and kings, and the popesasserting their claims to rule bydivine authority with God’s commands for God’s people proceeding out oftheir mouths. The power of thechurch is hard to exaggerate: its economic and political influence was huge,as its wealth, movementslike the crusades, and even the number of churches that exist from thisperiod truly show its greatness. B y the early 10th century, a strange malaise seems to have entered theEnglish church. There arecomments from this time of a decline in learning among churchmen and anincrease in a love forthings of this earthly world. Even more of these lax standards had begun adecline in the power structureof the church which included a decrease in acceptable behavior amongstchurchmen and a growing useof church institutions by lay people as a means of evading taxes. Christianity affected all men in Europe at every level and in every way. Such distances however, ledto much diversity and the shaping of Medieval religion into a land ofcontrasts. One can also see how man’s feelings of extreme sinfulness and desire for God are quite evidentin these tales. Still, we are told that history repeats itself because nobody listens to it,but more realisticallyhistory repeats itself because man is essentially the same from onegeneration to the next. He hasthe same aspirations, fears and flaws; yet the way that these are expresseddiffers from age to age. This is why each period of history is different. The fact that man is thesame yet different is whatmakes the study of the people who formed the medieval church directlyapplicable to Christians’ lives and experiences today.

The Life of Galileo Essay Example For Students

The Life of Galileo Essay The Battle For TruthThroughout the course of history, from era to era, mankind has been on a continuous attempt to perpetuate what they perceive as the truth; and in doing so, embark on a quest to find their true identity and place in life. One must realize that the common theme in all literature is the search for identity and belonging. Bertolt Brecht, author of The Life of Galileo, effectively uses the developing character Galileo Galilei to portray a strong message; a message which five hundred years after the fact has still not been completely comprehended. Through Galileos continuous battle with the Church in prevailing his work, Brecht is telling the readers that in any one mans attempt to propagate the truth, whether it be in terms of literature, discoveries or new technologies, there is always an opposing power to suppress this new found truth. In doing so, it is through such opposing power against the search for truth which suppress our ability to think. In a sincere attempt to eliminate the common generalization that Science is the devil, Brecht uses Galileos external struggles such as those with the church. The writer also uses his personal internal struggles as a basis for developing Galileos character to inform readers of the common yet false misconception of Science and the truth. We will write a custom essay on The Life of Galileo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In many instances throughout the course of this play, The Life of Galileo, Brecht is found to use Galileos struggles with the church and the public as one of the vital backbones of his message. It is quite apparent that Galileo is fighting a battle with the church throughout the play to further spread his findings to enlighten citizens about the scientific truth of the universe beyond ficticious traditional religious values. The church, which served the purpose of the the governments in Italy at that time (around 1600s), consists of the popes and the Italian Renaissance. Drawn from the nobility, the Italian Renaissance are ruthless politicians whose central goal is the expansion of their political power. In an understandable sense, Galileos new findings and teachings pose a serious and susceptible threat to the governments (churchs) scheme of expansion and power. The church fears the lack of strength in the peoples belief in religion because the fundamental structure of religion is t he people themselves. Galileos theories in Science and his views on the Copernicus System and the Book of Discourses would advance and transform the society. Development and change are issues which the church fears due to the fact that advancement undermine the strength of the chruch when changes are brought to religion. The churchs opinion and attitude towards Galileos discoveries are clearly outlined by Sagredo on Pg. 23 as he states:Do you think the Popes will hear your truth and say Wonderful, Im wrong. Do you think hell even listen to you? When I saw you just now, at the telescope, looking at your new stars I saw you standing on burning logs. When I heard you say I believe in reason I smelt burnt flesh. (Brecht 23)What Brecht is telling us through the use of Galileo and his stubborn and persistent need to present his findings, is that even though one is presented with adversities, in Galileos case, the church, one must continue to use reason to spread the truth. In any case, Galileo believes that religion does not necessarily have to be sacrificed in order to advance a society in terms of technology. At this point in the play, he believes that the use of reason can overcome any obstacle in the attempt to prevail the truth; in a sense, what Brecht is telling the readers through Galileos stance against the church is that the ability to think, innovate, and propagate the truth are the key requirments that will enhance our society. In this case, Galileo is faced time and time again with adversaries that tell him to stop what he is doing and to follow the Churchs orders. On page 40, the Old Cardinal tells Galileo that if he is to continue with his research, then he will be exemplifying atheism:VERY OLD CARDINAL: You want to degrade God, though it gives you life and all you have. .Everything is irrefutably seen to depend on me, man, the work of God, the creature at the centre, the image of God,. (Brecht 40)LITTLE MONK: Youve won. .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .postImageUrl , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:visited , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:active { border:0!important; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:active , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Resource Management in Business EssayGALILEO: It has won! Not me, reason has won! (Brecht 40)After the Old Cardinal implicitly tells Galileo that his research and teachings symbolize atheism, he is approached by Clavius whom tells Galileo that he is right and that he is invited to Rome to show his research. It is interesting to see Galileos response in crediting reason for his achievement. It is here where the reader sees Galileos thoughts and perceptions on life; that science and its achievements should not only be credited to the founder yet the society that encourages these findings; that the progress of human kind as a whole should be the objective of inventions. Using Galileo, Brecht continuously stresses these points throughout the play and is making it clear that he is against the notion of the discouragement of ideas, inventions, and thinking. Although external forces such as the church and other characters do not influence Galileos personal belief, there are also internal forces, such as the battle against self, that also influence Galileos perception on both his work and human kind. It is through his experiences with Andrea, the young protg of Galileo, that we see the character of Galileo at the beginning of the play. In the earlier parts of the play, the reader sees Galileo as a courageous man who is always in pursuit for truth and reason; Galileo increases his power over his students, namely Andrea, as the former overcomes more difficulties in discovering the truth. Andrea immediately feels angry and insulted when others challenge Galileos discoveries; as seen on page 29, Andrea is upset due to the fact that the scholars do not share congruence with Galileo:SARTI: Whats up with you?ANDREA: Theyre stupid. He tears himself away and runs off. This particulare scene illustrates how Andrea worships Galileo and his dedication to Galileos theories. However, throughout the course of this play, instead of seeing a positive growth on the part of Galileos character, we notice that Galileos character is deteriorating as he continuosly fights battles with himself. His priorities as outlined in the earlier stages of the play, namely those of him being courageous and overcoming any struggle in pursuit for the truth and knowledge, are now in question as his will to continue his research slowly declines. On page 40, we recognize the first signs of his loss of motivation on Galileos part; after his conversation with the Little Monk, Galileo halts his research which he has been conducting for the past eight years. The Little Monk uses his familys fate and suffering to prove his point; the point being that Galileos new discoveries will surely upset the society and bring distruption amongst the people. In the final stages of the play, we see a surprising and shocking side of Galileo as he recants his findings and teachings. It is then that one can say that Galileos search for self has ended; he is quick to regret the fact that he has recanted and is demoralized by his actions:I have betrayed my profession. A man who does what I have done cannot be tolerated in the ranks of science. (Brecht 85)Accompanied by the fact that Galileo realizes what he did is wrong, one can also argue that he realizes that the actions of any one human plays a vital role in the progress of society and its mentality; he realizes that science is not merely a group of inventive dwarfs. Instead, science is a way of life. The book of discourses (dealing with the laws of motion), that was published after Galileos recantation, represents a way in which Galileo can contemplate for his unethical and immoral acts by generating knowledge to the public. Although Galileo reassures the making of science by making the bo ok of discourses, nothing can ever bring compensation to the harm which he brought on humanity and the way in which he destroyed the meaning of sacrifice. .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .postImageUrl , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:visited , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:active { border:0!important; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:active , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Muscle Growth EssayThrough Galileos quest for identity, Brecht is once again sending us a strong message; to think that even a character as strong and sure as Galileo can be altered and changed for the worst, really leaves the readers pondering on one thought; in the journey of prevailing the truth, there will always be an opposing structure that will pose an adversary. One must learn from Galileos life that sacrifice in the way of progression of a society should be recognized and encouraged; Galileo might have failed to show the meaning of sacrifice, but he taught us to think, take risks and understand the true significance of science.

The Best AP Biology Notes to Study With

The Best AP Biology Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's natural for your in-class notes to get a little disorganized in a course that covers as much material as AP Biology. If you're missing a couple of sections of notes or if you just want to see a clearer outline of how the course is structured, this article will be helpful. I've compiled all the information you need to know for the AP Biology test in the form of links to online notes and descriptions of labs. I'll also follow up with some tips on using these notes effectively. How to Use These AP Biology Notes The notes in this article can be used to study for tests throughout the year that deal with smaller portions of the curriculum, or they can be referenced in your studying for the final exam. In both cases, supplement them with information from a textbook and/or review book. You should also incorporate practice questions, quizzes, and tests into your studying to solidify your knowledge of the material. You can find these resources in my AP Biology study guide, a review book, your textbook, or the materials provided by your teacher. In-class tests, quizzes, and labs are also useful study aids. Don’t just read through the notes once and expect to do well! Since AP Biology requires a significant amount of analysis and critical thinking beyond memorization, you need to practice answering questions that test skills beyond the basic knowledge you’ll get from the notes. If you’re using these notes to study for a particular portion of the AP Biology course, you can find the appropriate topic area in the list below. I’ve organized the topics according to the four Big Ideas of the course so that you can find the unit you're looking for more easily. If you’re using these notes to study for the final exam, assess your strengths and weaknesses first so that you can prioritize the right content areas. Take a diagnostic test to determine how high you’re currently scoring and which types of questions give you the most trouble. You can use a test from a review book, or you can use one that you find online (just make sure it's the new version with 69 questions on the multiple choice section!). Print it out and give yourself the appropriate amount of time for each section so that you’re not caught off-guard by time constraints on the real exam. If you're practicing for in-class tests, you should also rehearse your creepy stare so that your teacher will be too terrified to give you anything less than an A. AP Biology Notes In this section, I’ll give you links to some resources for notes on every aspect of the AP Biology curriculum. Make sure you supplement them with class notes and records of your lab assignments. CourseNotes I found some of the most comprehensive and up-to-date AP Biology notes on CourseNotes. I’ve provided links to notes on specific topics to make it easier for you to target areas that are difficult for you. One downside to these notes is that there’s a ton of text and no pictures to break it up. If you find that this format doesn’t work well for you, consider getting a review book or consulting one of the other resources I’ll list in the next section. Big Idea 1: The Process of Evolution Drives the Diversity and Unity of Life Includes: Natural selection Hardy-Weinberg Biodiversity Vertebrates Invertebrates Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Protists Fungi Plant evolution Animal evolution Big Idea 2: Biological Systems Utilize Free Energy and Molecular Building Blocks to Grow, to Reproduce and to Maintain Dynamic Homeostasis Includes: Molecular biology Water Carbon/molecular diversity of life Macromolecules Homeostasis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic respiration Metabolism Cell structure Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cell structure Cell membrane properties Active transport Passive transport Phospholipid bilayer Immune response Big Idea 3: Living Systems Store, Receive, Transmit and Respond to Information Essential to Life Processes Includes: Genes DNA structure and replication Mendel and the laws of inheritance Cell cycle Mitosis Meiosis Cancerous cells Cell communication Viruses Endocrine system Nervous system Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact, and These Systems and Their Interactions Possess Complex Properties Includes: How Plants Work Plant Structure Transport in Vascular Plants Plant Nutrition Circulatory system and respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Muscular and skeletal systems Ecology Behavioral Population Community So many Big Ideas! Other Content Resources There are also a couple additional places where you can find notes on specific sections of the course. These resources are slightly outdated (they're tailored to the format of either the pre-2012 AP Biology curriculum or older textbooks), but they still contain information that may be useful in your studying. This page, for example, has notes on most topics covered in the current curriculum. There are also these notes on the 7th edition of the Campbell textbook; it’s not the most recent version of the book, but it might be helpful. The main difference between these notes and the notes in the previous section is that they aren't organized by Big Idea (the Big Ideas are an innovation of the new AP Biology curriculum), so it's not as easy to connect terms and concepts to larger themes as you review. Lab Summaries There are thirteen labs included in the AP Biology curriculum. Here’s a link to a page that briefly goes through all of the labs you’ll complete in a standard AP Biology class. Labs are also categorized by "Big Idea." If you're using these documents to review your lab assignments, skip to the second section of each PDF (where the page headers become red instead of blue). Labs for Big Idea 1 Artificial selection Mathematical modeling (Hardy-Weinberg) Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships Labs for Big Idea 2 Diffusion and Osmosis Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Labs for Big Idea 3 Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Labs for Big Idea 4 Energy Dynamics Transpiration Fruit Fly Behavior Enzyme Activity Make sure you also go through the actual lab work you did in class. Your own reports and data are the most valuable resources for reviewing this aspect of the AP curriculum. Big Picture Summaries The notes in this section are useful for revisiting major topics right before the exam. This packet covers all the main concepts you'll need to learn for AP Biology. You can also take a look at this extremely detailed review sheet that provides a similar rundown of the most essential parts of the course. If you want more guidance in your studying, consider buying a review book. Read my guide to the best review books for AP Biology here. AP Biology Studying: Let’s Talk Strategy Before you dive into the notes, read these tips so you can make the most out of the time you spend getting cozy with biological facts. Tip #1: Draw Diagrams and Rewrite Definitions There are many complex concepts that you’ll need to understand to do well on any assessment in AP Biology. These can be difficult to master just by reading notes. I find that drawing out the processes described in your textbook and notes can be very helpful in bridging the gap between memorization and genuine understanding. If you draw a diagram of the different parts of a cell or the process of cellular respiration, it will make more sense to you logically and will be easier to recall on the test. If this seems too involved, you can try rewriting the complex explanation in your own words to simplify it and make it easier to remember. Even just the act of writing it down will help you remember it better. Tip #2: Remember the Big Ideas Each concept in AP Biology falls under the larger umbrella of one of the four Big Ideas of the course. Remember not to lose sight of these ideas when you’re studying. As you review each smaller process or concept, link it back to a main theme. This will help you to contextualize it within the framework of the course as a whole and apply your knowledge logically to unfamiliar scenarios that may be presented on the test. In AP Biology (and the subject of Biology as a whole), everything is connected. Tip #3: Hit Refresh Remembering something right after you’ve studied it is one thing, and remembering it in the long term is another. After you get through a few sections of notes, go back and do a quick review of all the information you’ve learned. I’d also recommend doing this after you get through all the notes that pertain to a Big Idea for the course. It will help you to synthesize and retain the information so it doesn’t fall out of your brain as soon as you move onto the next topic (which can happen in AP Biology because there are so many details to remember!). Tip #4: Study the Method, Not Just the Information It’s easy to get caught up in going over the minuscule details of every topic in AP Biology, but you should devote at least some of your time to reviewing labs and general experimental principles. This includes concepts like dependent and independent variables, control groups, and unit conversions. You’ll see quite a few questions on the AP test (and most likely on your in-class tests throughout the year) that deal with experimental scenarios. It's much less stressful to answer these types of questions if you’re familiar with how similar experiments were conducted in your class. Conclusion You can continue to use this article as a reference point as you progress through the AP Biology curriculum. These notes should help you study for in-class assessments and the final AP test. Take practice tests often, and go over any areas where you feel less confident. If you take the time to prepare appropriately, you'll be pleasantly surprised by how little stress you feel on test day! What's Next? Is AP Biology especially challenging compared to other APs? Read this article for a detailed discussion on the difficulty level of the course and exam. Many students who take AP Biology also take the Biology SAT Subject Test. Learn more about the differences between the two exams and whether one is more important than the other in college admissions. As you review your notes for the AP, be sure to check out our biology topic guides. We go over the difference between homologous and analogous structures, what the photosynthesis equation is and how to use it, and the purpose of enzymes. We also teach you about cell theory and cell biology (including the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum). Are you planning on applying to Ivy League or other highly selective colleges? Find out how many AP classes you should take in high school to end up with the strongest chance of acceptance. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content

Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content By Mark Nichol What do you do when you wish to incorporate a quotation from another source into your own content, but the quotation includes a flaw in spelling, grammar, or the like, or you want to use the quotation selectively? How and whether you amend quoted material depends on the content and the context. In a formal context, such as a scholarly or other authoritative nonfiction book, if source material is flawed, you have several options depending on the type or extent of nonstandard content. For a simple misspelling or grammatical error, follow the mistake with the interpolation [sic], italicizing the word, derived from Latin, that means â€Å"so† or â€Å"thus† and indicates that the preceding error is reproduced from the original material; the brackets should be styled in normal roman type. If errors are ubiquitous, or an obsolete convention such as rampant capitalization is repeated, acknowledge that fact in a brief preceding note in the text, a concise bracketed comment, or a footnote. These strategies are also appropriate to clarify that the writer reproducing the quotation does not condone a controversial remark or an offensive term or comment within it. What if a passage already includes ellipses and you wish to omit phrases or sentences? Distinguish between the original ellipses and your own, perhaps by enclosing the ellipses you have introduced within brackets and explaining in a preceding note or in a footnote that this treatment indicates introduced, as opposed to original, omissions. If the context does not make clear that original ellipses have not been introduced, insert a bracketed note such as â€Å"[Ellipses in original],† but employ this intrusive strategy in moderation. In such formal content, quotations should preserve spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and treatment such as italicization or full capitalization of a word. However, if an entire sentence or passage originally appeared italicized or in all-caps, you can render it in friendlier type and note in brackets how the material originally appeared. (Also, when introducing italics to emphasize a point, follow that treatment with the note â€Å"[Emphasis added.]† Conversely, to clarify that the italics are original, insert the note â€Å"[Italics in original.†) The Chicago Manual of Style supports limited corrections or format changes such as the following: 1. Revision of quotation marks to conform to the prevailing style (such as changing single quotation marks, used in British English, to double quotation marks, standard in American English). 2. Revision of the first letter of the first word from uppercase to lowercase or vice versa as required to integrate the quotation with the preceding text. (It is not necessary to bracket a change in case except in legal writing or textual commentary.) 3. Insertion of terminal punctuation (a period, question mark, or exclamation point) or replacement of existing punctuation to integrate the quotation into the surrounding text. 4. Omission of superscript note indicators, such as numbers or asterisks, when the notes are not retained. 5. Isolated misspellings or typographical errors (but retain â€Å"mistakes† when they are deliberate, such as when imitating an illiterate attempt at writing, or when quoting from material written at a time when spelling was nonstandard). 6. Adjustment of indented or centered text to match formatting of the surrounding text. In less formal contexts, you can employ silent correction, the strategy of simply editing the original material without comment. Writers must used sound judgment, however, in minimizing the alterations and refraining from altering the meaning or intent of the original content. Usually, silent correction should be employed only to correct misspellings or erroneous punctuation. If the grammar of the original material is poor or the material is otherwise problematic, it is probably better to paraphrase entirely or to directly quote only key phrases. Also, exercise caution when reproducing heavily accented speech. Gonna, wanna, and similar lazy pronunciations need not be reproduced; doing so, or representing mispronunciations such as â€Å"nukular,† may be misinterpreted as condescending to the speaker. Silent correction is also appropriate for errors such as flustrated as a confusion of flustered and frustrated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme"Certified" and "Certificated"Dissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

History Analytical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History Analytical Paper - Essay Example Like an ass he is owned by several people including priests and legionnaires, in his adventures he hears many novel tales. At the end of the book with the intervention of a god, he is turned into a human and joins the Isis cult when he returns to his native Rome. Peter brown depicts the non-factious various escapades of Augustine in the Augustine of Hippo. While not as interesting or humorous as the golden hand, it delves on Augustine change in believing from a Christian by his mother’s influence to a Manichean and later to Christianity where until his death he was a doctor of the church. To contrast the two books is intriguing and interesting as they both arguably represent literarily classical that has defied time to be among the best reads even in the modern day despite having been based in the early centuries of classical civilization. In two separate journeys, we are taken through memorable adventures whose discoveries and its outcomes are more or less similar. The Golden Ass and Augustine of Hippo both explore various themes in their story lines. Religion can be described as a person’s personal spiritual belief various religions abound. The narrator in The Golden Ass is interested in magic his beliefs. His interest in magic results in him turning into an ass. In the golden ass magic is largely discussed, a tale of Thelyphron is told. As a student Thelyphron indulges in many wanderings and runs out of funds. He is enlisted to take care of a corpse in an area where there are many witches it is said that the corpse pieces of flesh from his ears and nose are taken by the witches and more baffling is the resurrection of the corpse to affirm widow’s guilt. Peter brown in the Augustine of hippo explores religion deeply too (Brown, 342). He delves into Augustine of hippo’s life in various from when he is a Christian to mechanism and back to Christianity. In his faith’s journey, he develops some beliefs regarding

The Internet Decreases Socialization Research Paper

The Internet Decreases Socialization - Research Paper Example They are extremely tempted by the numerous ideas, ideologies, and options, to which they are exposed over the Internet. This pushes those young people to spend hours and hours either to navigate the Internet, searching for ideas, news, and products, or chatting with their friends as well as strangers. Therefore, young people may spend a lot of time online without they feel tired or bored. However, the long time spent on the Internet is seen by many people as a disadvantage, because this time is usually taken from the actual time spent face to face with other people. That is, the Internet leaves its negative impact on the experience of social interaction. In this context, many modern social analysts argue that "today, people spend more time using communication technology than they did twenty years ago" (Degord). Accordingly, a heated controversy has started to emerge about the probable negative impacts of the Internet over the process of socialization of young people. While some socia l analysts undermine the negative effects that may be caused by the relatively long time spent on the Internet, there are other analysts who raise serious concerns regarding the minimization of physical socialization because of the Internet. In spite of the various advantages of the Internet, yet it minimizes social interaction and promotes isolation among young people. Undoubtedly, the Internet has revolutionized the lives of people in many aspects. The Internet represents an open window on the world for young people, through which they can do a variety of activities, such as reading news, chatting with friends, and learning new ideas and opinions. Some of the significant activities that young people can do online include reading books and articles, looking for information about any topic, and being involved in discussions on newsgroups and billboards. In this regard, a professor in the School of Law, University of Glasgow, called Thomas B. Riley, claims that "the Internet is a rev olutionary medium that has afforded the opportunity for millions of people to open themselves to a rich panoply of information and services" (Riley). Consequently, the Internet has become a significant source of information for all kinds of people, especially young and educated ones. The Internet plays an important enlightenment role for navigators and researchers, especially those who work or study in the academic field. In additions, some social and political analysts believes that the Internet can also create a net of social relations among users. For instance, Jeffrey Boase, professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Toronto, argues that â€Å"the internet and email play an important role in maintaining the dispersed social networks† (Boase). Thus, if used properly and insightfully, the Internet can be a valid important technology that may widen the scope of our knowledge and prepare young generations for their future careers in their lives. Nevertheles s, the excessive use of the Internet by young people may minimize physical social interaction, negative impact the process of socialization, and promotes isolation and loneliness among people. Those who spend hours and hours chatting with other people over the Internet are actually getting away from their social surrounding and creating a lonely world of their own (Snook). This is mainly because they do not physically and socially interact with other people and involve

The Economic Problem and how it Affects Society Essay Example for Free

The Economic Problem and how it Affects Society Essay Define the economic problem. Explain how individual consumers, business firms and the government are all faced with the economic problem. Identify the different economic factors that influence how each group seeks to address this problem. The economic problem occurs because of the fact that the supply of resources used to produce goods and services are limited or finite but there is an infinite amount of demands and wants of individuals. In other words, the economic problem is consequence of limited resources, but unlimited wants. Individuals must decide what is the best item to buy with their limited resources. This is called opportunity cost, which involves the consumer determining which goods and services will provide the most satisfaction and value for money. In market economies, consumers have sovereignty over the market and thus they influence which products are produced and the amount produced. However, many businesses persuasively advertise unwanted or unnecessary goods and services to certain consumers, which can result in a misallocation of resources. In accordance to the economic problem, businesses have a number of issues to address: What to produce? How to produce? How much to produce? To whom to distribute? What to produce Firms must decide which production combination of goods and services will involves the least cost but result in the largest amount of produce How to produce refers to what method of production of the selected goods and services Is the most cost effective and efficient How much to produce involves predicting the amount of goods and services that will be needed and demanded. Using these statistics, the business will attempt to produce a quantity of goods equal to or as close as possible to  that amount. This prediction is usually based on the amount of consumption, demand and profit of the previous year. To whom to distribute the ratio of distribution of goods and services across the country, state or region, according to consumer demands and availability of transport. The government has a regulatory role in the economy through the control of taxes and redistribution of income. For example, when an economy has a low level of economic activity, the government can increase its expenditure on things such as infrastructure, and could lower taxes to encourage consumer and business spending. Similarly, the government could decrease spending and increase taxes to influence saving and less shopping splurges, to reduce the economic activity. The Reserve Bank can also act as a regulator and can dramatically alter the direction of an economy. The Reserve Bank can raise and lower interest rates which influences domestic saving and investment, and also affects foreign investment. For example raising interest rates would encourage foreign countries to buy Australian dollars to capitalise on the interest of their investment. The government has some bearing on the actions of the Reserve Bank, however its influence is quite minor.

The Characteristics of Florentine Painting as Reflected in the Work of

The Characteristics of Florentine Painting as Reflected in the Work of Masaccio The Italian Renaissance was one of the most productive periods in the history of art, with large numbers of outstanding masters to be found in many centres and in all the major fields painting, sculpture, and architecture. In Florence, in the first half of the fifteenth century, there were great innovators in all these fields, whose work marked a beginning of a new era in the history of art. These innovators included Masaccio in painting, It was Masaccio (1401-28) who, in his brief and amazing career, was the real successor of Giotto and revolutionized Florentine painting. He too gave his figures a grave and noble dignity. His frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel of the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence did much to determine the course of painting from that time on. There are eight main classical characteristics of Florentine art, which are displayed by both Masaccio and other artists are clearly displayed in a variety of paintings of which I shall go into more detail of three of them, although I will briefly refer to the other eight for a wider knowledge and understanding of the revelation of the Florentine work from the fifteen century. There is a greater anatomical study to produce a higher standard of naturalism of figures this is displayed my Masaccio in the baptism of Christ. Light is exploited to give a sense of volumes to the figures; this is depicted in the Masaccio’s Peter hea...

Clothing and its importance in Society Essay

There is a very common saying, â€Å"The way you dress, you will be judged.† Some people do not believe this is true, they say is more important your character than your status quo, your thoughts than the car you drive etc. But today, we are living in a very corrupted and materialist world, where those second things like material possessions and appearance are taking first place on people’s priorities. This is because fashion builds the person ´s identity. That’s why we should understand that clothing and fashion is important today as it was yesterday and will be in the future. For hundreds of years people have put some message in the type of clothing they wear. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the â€Å"crowd† and be different changing their clothing. Some examples of these â€Å"standing out† became very popular and were followed by more people. This was the moment when fashion appeared. see more:essay on fashions Nowadays, fashion is defined for Malcolm Barnard a fashion reporter as a â€Å"constantly changing trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons†. Nevertheless, it is necessary to say that at the present moment fashion has a deeper influence on the life of people and possess more than just frivolous reasons for its existence. Clothing has become an integral part of self-realization of every person. It is no longer just an â€Å"external shield† and a frivolous attitude towards it may cause losing a very important physical, psychological and social aspect of a person’s life. This covering is a need, a necessity that is dictated by the norms of social conduct. This â€Å"necessity† brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete. It is not about people serving fashion; it is about fashion being a slave of people. This is something we should pay attention. The type of clothing completely depends on the person who is wearing it; therefore it becomes a reflection of his perception of himself, which leads us to the term, â€Å"personal identity†. The choice of clothing and accessories is as important as identification through the color of hair, height, skin and gender. Clothing nowadays is a media of information about the person wearing it. As every cloth carries a strong message about its owner, every owner â€Å"nests† a certain value in it depending on his temperament, mindset or today’s mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a mean of communication with the outside world. It is the way of telling people about the â€Å"state† of it owner. Communication is also a sing expressed by clothing. This especially touches extraordinarily in clothing or an obvious lack of taste and vulgarity. Malcolm Barnard in his book â€Å"Fashion as communication† makes a great work by outlining cultural roles, rules , rituals, and responsibilities that are maintained and constructed by fashion. Fashion is compared to art. It is like an architect that gives his creation any shape he desires and at the same time is the reflection of the architect’s belonging to a certain social level, a certain psychological condition and so on. The message that clothing contains is basically a way of nonverbal communication with gender, ethical and power aspects. Clothes have an immense impact on the perception of people around and on the perception of the person wearing them, too. A suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures and the manner of talking of the person or for instance wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very liberal and feeble one. The perception of people around can be very predictable in terms of their reaction on a person wearing this or that style of clothing. Fashion is one of the most powerful means of communication, which sometimes may play a vital role in the life of a person. So, fashion is a very important tool of manipulation while communicating besides its importance in social class, culture, sex and gender relations of people. Clothing is a fundamental part in the image of a contemporary man or a woman. The image is constructed for various reasons and has various manifestations. Dressing has become a way to create, to reveal and to conceal information from the external observers. Fashion has always been considered to have more of a women based orientation. As soon as women realized that experimenting with their clothing might bring them the results they need they became the most interested consumers and the demand on women’s production increased greatly. Women, have a great impact on the development of fashion worldwide. Of course one of the primary messages clothes carry is the social message. Women throughout the time have tried to make the clothing look more luxurious. Historically the social message has wildly transformed. It is very easily trace in Diana Crane’s book â€Å"Fashion and it social agendas†. Nowadays clothing is not an attribute of belonging to a clan, or to a restrained social level though it still can tell a lot about the financial status of a person. A person, especially a women is always greeted according to the way is dressed up. Therefore women may cause desirable reaction by knowing the expectations of the â€Å"opponent†. Historically, women wore traditional dresses, which signified their cultural and social status. As for now, traditional clothing has been completely subdued by â€Å"fashionable clothing†. Women clothing in the past had a lot to do with emphasizing femininity, neglecting man-like forms of dressing. Women become less ladylike but more aggressive and businesslike. A woman is opposed to a man. Women have accepted a lot of clothing styles that propagandize masculinity. Of course there still are women that are the embodiments of tenderness and femininity preserving women’s sexuality but nevertheless the general tendency of feminization in today’s society has done its work. Equality at work, business and politics has transformed the image of a woman greatly. It is no surprise to any of the people who at least know what fashion is that the clothes that people wear are usually very symbolic. The symbolism of clothing is another part of delivering the message that a person tries to put into it. Originally, a symbol is a facility that is used to express feelings or belonging to some group of class often dealing with power and wealth. Expression of symbols through clothing is a very popular tendency nowadays. Symbolism in clothing may point to the profession the person is dedicated to. The perception of symbols is not the same as the perception of the whole clothing image of an individual, because people may interpret the same symbol differently and therefore the understanding of the carrier of the symbol will be completely different. For instance, a man with a tiger on this T-shit may seem aggressive to one person and a Green Peace member for another one. A bird may be a symbol of freedom and somebody can view it a symbol of light-mindedness. Every person has to be very careful with the symbol while visiting a foreign country, due to the double meaning of the symbols that may be offending to the culture the person is in. The goal of every symbol is to share information. As every person belongs to a definite culture and has the right to reveal it, personal identity may sometimes be replaced by cultural identity. Clothing in terms of culture is to reveal either the historical roots of a person or the roots the group he belongs to. The oriental-followers are easily defined from the crowd by the specific collars and style of dressing they hold on to. Demonstrating a belonging to a certain cultural community is the free right of every person like people that freely declare who they are going to vote for. Talking about culture it is possible to mention that nowadays exist â€Å"material culture† that dictates its own ways and code of dressing. The liberation of culture off the borders made the cultural fashion developments increase dramatically. Wearing a cowboy hat may not be a sign of being from Texas, but a sign of political preference. For instance it is very easy to distinguish a European from a Hindu by the style of dressing or an Indian woman from an oriental woman by the distinctive spot on the forehead of an Indian woman and a veil worn by Moslem woman. Fashion has taken the best part of the traditional costumes of every culture and sometimes this leads to propagandizing a definite cultural group. Fashion and identity are inseparable companions. Fashion with all its symbolism and attributes form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. Identity is a necessary process of a healthy personality as it is a part of self-realization of a person that is so much required for finding a place in life of every person. Fashion has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world and a way of revealing or concealing peculiarities. Fashion possesses a specific meaning and the more diverse is the society around us the more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us. As long as it does not hurt people around fashion symbols are acceptable, nevertheless while thinking about fashion and identity it is necessary to remember the ethical side of the issue. Fashion and identity through it still remains a twofold issue but there are a lot of positive aspects one can enjoy and share with other people. Reference Page Barnard, M. (2002.) Fashion As Communication. Psychology Press: 11New Fetter Lane, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦London EC4P. Brandley, H. (1997.) New rainments of self African American clothing in the antebellum ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,South. Oxford New York Berg: pill, ports. Corrigan, P. (1995). The dressed society clothing, the body and some meanings of the hahaahahhaa world. London Thousands Oaks, Calif: SAGE ublicayions. David, G. & Diener, E. (1994) â€Å"The Fashioned Body† Scientific American. [PDF document,] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Retrieved from: http://www.fichier-pdf.fr/2010/12/27/0060744863/ Dilman, I. (1982) â€Å"Fashion Desire and Anxiety† Journal of design ethics. [PDF document] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Retrieved from: http://jme.bmj.com/ Sasson, R. (2010) â€Å"Fashion Theory.† Success Consciousness . Retrieved from: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.http://www.successconsciousness.com/index_00001f.htm

Legal memo

We filed a complaint last month in trial court alleging that there was negligence on the part of the store. We were seeking an award for damages. In the answer to the complaint the store alleges that Samaritan Smith had a duty to avoid the spill, and was unable to fulfill that duty because she was distracted by her misbehaving child. The store claims that her being distracted makes her equally at fault for the Injuries sustained in her trip and fall accident.Statement of Facts: While shopping at the local grocery store with her young son, Samaritan Smith lipped on clear, gel shampoo that had spilled Into the Isle. The fall resulted In a broken hip, requiring an overnight stay at the hospital as well as several months of physical therapy. The grocery store Indicated that although they complete hourly Isle clearance checks they were unaware of the spill. Issues: 1. Was the store negligent for not providing an environment free from hazards? 2.Is Samaritan Smith partially responsible for her injuries based on her not keeping proper lookout and not avoiding the spill? 3. Based on the Comparative Fault Act, can Samaritan Smith recover for her injuries? BRIEF ANSWERS: 1. In Indiana the owner oaf business or store is required to take reasonable measures to keep their property in a reasonably safe condition for persons who will be using the property. 2. Samaritan Smith does have a responsibility to maintain her own personal safety. 3. Based on the Comparative Fault Act, can Samaritan Smith recover for her injuries? Applicable Statue: 1.â€Å"A Claimant is barred from recovery if the Claimant's introductory fault is greater than the fault of all persons whose fault proximately contribute to the claimant's damages†. The amount awarded is reduced and possibly eliminated based on the level of claimant's fault found. Legal memo By cathedral The store claims that her being distracted makes her equally at fault for the injuries slipped on clear, gel shampoo that had spi lled into the isle. The fall resulted in a physical therapy. The grocery store indicated that although they complete hourly isle Legal Memo I chose to say contributory negligence because we cannot deny that cases of beer were not properly secured In our vehicle, proving that It was some percentage of our own default. ‘The plaintiff shall be barred from recovering damages if the Trier of fact finds that the contributory fault on the part of the plaintiff is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the Injury or damage for which recovery is sought. Illinois State Statute 735 ILLS 5/2-1116(c) (2011). Thus we must provide proof that the plaintiff, Mr..King contributed at least 51% of the negligence. A similar case would be Attainment v Modern Industries, INC. 960 F. Ad 692; 1992 U. S. App. LEXIS 6205. This case Involved a collision between a truck (Defendant, Modern Industries) and a person (Attainment). Attainment died due to his Injuries resulting from the accident. The decedent's mother brought a wrongful death slut against Modern Industries. Attainment was found to be 51% at fault thus the claim against Modern Indus tries was denied.Attainment's actions before he collided with Modern Industries are what led to the accident In the first place. An example of one of Attainment's contribution to the accident Is: â€Å"No person shall open the door of a vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless and until It Is reasonably safe to do so, and can be done without Interfering with the movement of other traffic, nor shall any person leave a door open on the side of a vehicle available to moving traffic or a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload passengers. Ill. Rev. Stats. 1989, chi. 95 1/2, par. 11-1407. Legal Memo PAP 10 By Jeroboams that cases of beer were not properly secured in our vehicle, proving that it was some percentage of our own default. â€Å"The plaintiff shall be barred from recovering is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery U. S. App. LEXIS 6205. This case involved a collision between a truck (Defendant, Modern Ind ustries) and a person (Attainment).Attainment died due to his injuries resulting from the accident. The decedent's mother brought a wrongful death suit Modern Industries are what led to the accident in the first place. An example of one of Attainment's contribution to the accident is: â€Å"No person shall open the door of a vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless and until it is reasonably safe to do so, and can be done without interfering with the movement of other traffic, nor

Exploitation of College Athletes Essays

Exploitation of College Athletes Essays Exploitation of College Athletes Essay Exploitation of College Athletes Essay Imagine you work at a business outside of Austin, Texas. For 10 months out of the year you are required to be outside in the Texas heat for 3 hours a day twice a day. Now imagine that you also have a full schedule of classes to attend. On top of that you generate millions and millions of dollars each year for your employer of which you dont see a single penny, and if youre not lucky you are actually paying them to be there. Does this sound like some kind of underground sweatshop operation Nikkei is running in the heartland of America? Actually, this is describing the typical life of a allege football player at the University of Texas under the current guidelines of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Every year millions of people flock to stadiums across the country to watch their local collegiate teams participate in athletic competitions. Along with the entertainment provided to the fans, the schools give the people of that university a sense of pride and bragging rights amongst other teams. Over the years, the popularity of college sports (especially basketball and football) has brought in incredible amounts of money for their respective universities. These sports are currently multi-million dollar businesses that are branded, marketed, and sold in the same way that any other product is. In the middle of this fanatical marketplace are the people who compete in the sports, the student- athletes, who are sometimes overlooked as mere objects. While colleges and universities continue bring in millions of dollars off of these young men and women, they dont get paid a single cent. In the following paper I want to examine the underlying problems of the business that is college sports and how the athletes are exploited for their talents and how the universities that claim to protect them are winning big. In order for us to examine this issue we will start by looking at a few different models that have emerged over the years as this topic has become more and more prevalent. The first of these models is the Amateur/Education model. This states that athletes are only at the university in order to achieve an education and eventually graduate. According to this system athletes are considered an integral part of the educational process at the university. The athlete fully embodies the creeds that universities are allegedly based on. The idea is that the students who come to their school personify the values of devotion, selflessness, sacrifice and purity. The NCAA uses the defense that the students they receive scholarships. If a student is on scholarship then they are playing purely for the pleasure of the sport while simultaneously given the ability to receive a college degree. The notion that student- athlete abide to the rules and regulations of the NCAA and the Amateur/Education model while the school brings in millions of dollars is extremely hypocritical. They are essentially saying that it is wrong for the student-athletes to get paid because they are supposed to be altruistic vehicles for the school but at the same time the university is negotiating new sponsorships and TV contracts worth millions of dollars. In response to the problems brought about by the Amateur/Education model, a new, more modern-day model has been constructed that takes into account the economic realities that college athletics face. Enterprise that is subject to the same economic considerations as other industries. Using this model to examine the issue, economics displaces the principle of amateurism as the main proponent of college sports. This model recognizes that college sports are marketed, advertised and sold Just like any other product. By looking at the student-athletes as an integral part of the college sports community it is easy to see why they should be paid. They are the main reason why the sports make money. The viability of the sport is diminished if you take out the athletes. Without the players, you have no teams. Without the teams, you have no sport. Without the sport, you have no money coming in. You simplify it to no players = no money. This model also takes into account the fact that college sports are completely different now than they were when the NCAA was founded over 100 years ago. Economically, the decision by universities to not pay players is a genius method of exploitation. Lets take the University of Texas for example. Currently, a nonresident business major pays a little less than $17,000 dollars. A Texas resident for the same major pays a little more than $5,000. A four-year degree would cost less than $70,000 and $20,000 respectively. These are the 2009-2010 statistics which is the same year he Longhorns football team went to the BCC National Championship game. The very same year the reported revenue from the football team alone was 69 million dollars. Out of the 120 players on the team only 8 were from out of state. That means (assuming 100% of the players have a full scholarship) that the school paid $736,000 for scholarships. What this means is that because of the football teams success, over 68 million dollars was generated as pure profit because of the players hard work. After looking at the facts the idea that a scholarship is sufficient to reimburse the layers is a pretentious one. If the universities whole goal is to ensure that the students get a proper education then the stipulations on the scholarships should be enough to refute that. If an underclassman student-athlete decides he wants to enter the NFG draft he can. This means that he is ineligible for any future participation in collegiate sports. However, if he does not get drafted and instead decides he wants to finish his education, the NCAA regulations deny him that ability to do so. Without the ability for a prospective student to play a sport, universities are reluctant to give even arterial scholarships. In essence, the university is denying a student-athlete trying to test the professional market the very educational opportunity they claim to promote through scholarships. In response to the public support for compensating student athletes the NCAA has created alternatives that offer illusions of compensation. There are three possible sources of compensation affecting student-athletes, two of which the NCAA places limits on, and one that the NCAA prohibits completely. First universities can offer scholarships, which as we have seen is built around the secretion of the institution and serves to act as a compensatory system. The second is the ability for student-athletes to engage in limited part-time employment. Finally, the NCAA prohibits student-athletes from receiving money from third parties including agents, boosters, or endorsers. Each of these are regulated by the NCAA in a manner that limits the individual to pursue economic opportunity. The decision by the NCAA to allow student-athletes to obtain part-time Jobs was a welcome change. However, with the regulations on the amount of hours and wages that can be worked scholarship that covers $12,000 of his $17,000 tuition needed to attend the university. Now this scholarship doesnt take into account his personal or travel costs which we will say are $2000. The part-time Job allowed by the NCAA would allow the student- athlete to make the extra money to cover his personal costs. However, the employment system brings up the time constraints placed on ODL student athletes. One of the obvious problems is that student-athletes usually do not have time for even a part time Job. They have a full class schedule, homework, practice and travel mime for road games. A twenty-hour work week on top of all that would be a tremendous stress in the middle of everything else going on. By taking a Job student- athletes are tempted to work more instead of studying for class. Their time could be better served doing homework for class and earning their degree rather than working a part-time Job. Boosters are people who are not affiliated with a university but are instead fans or promoters of a specific organization. They are allowed by the NCAA as they are meant to provide the players with a positive support through nations of time and financial resources through the school. The NCAA sanctions the following forms of outside payment: any form of payment from a booster to a student-athlete as compensation for athletic performance; student-athletes receiving money from an advertiser using their name or image; and any student-athlete receiving money for signing with a sports agent. The NCAA Justifies these restrictions as being necessary to preserve the principle of amateurism and to protect student- athletes from commercial exploitation. The present system based on the Amateur/ Education model is not viable in the current collegiate athletic environment. The NCAA cannot simply rely on the value of a college education as compensation. The constant incentives faced by college athletes today are too great and acts as a deterrent against student-athletes completing their college educations. The NCAA must acknowledge that the commercialism in the existing system is what has caused the growth and prosperity of colleges and universities all at the expense of their student-athletes. Therefore, I believe the only fair way to solve this is to institute a venue-sharing plan between student-athletes and the colleges they represent in order to give the athletes the compensation they deserve. Only then will the NCAA be promoting equality instead of exploitation within the college athletic system. Revenue sharing essentially involves the practice of pooling together revenue from agreed upon sources then distributing it among the parties involved. All four major professional sports (NFG, NAB, ML, NIL) have some form of revenue sharing between ownership and players dealing with merchandising. A seniority based aerogram would act to promote and reward loyalty to one team. Seniors would get the largest percentage of the profits, while Juniors get a smaller percentage and so on. Leftover money could be given back to the athletic department to pay for other costs that have been generated. There would also be an additional compensatory system for teams that participate in post-season tournaments. Most of the profits gained under the current system are generated during these times and offer huge incentives for schools. The major difference for a playoff teams revenue sharing loud be a system based on performance, rather than seniority. This way a second- or third-year player will be rewarded for their performance rather than punished for academic and athletic) should be compensated for their outstays performances. While the NCAA does not sponsor an official All-American team the creation of such a team could be a profit-generating event which could then be used to pay the All- American athletes. The college experience presents many interesting avenues for student-athletes to explore and grow. They are able to meet new people, participate in the sports they enjoy playing, and ideally, earn a degree. But one of the more painful lessons each student-athlete must face is that they are subject to some degree of exploitation. To be specific, a type of indentured servitude taints college sports when universities profit from the achievements of their student-athletes without adequately compensating them for their time and effort. The argument for restricting compensation to student-athletes has become outdated. The Nanas alternatives to providing compensation do not furnish most student-athletes with an adequate means to survive through four years of college. In addition, the Nanas rules and regulations do more to destroy the notion of amateurism than to foster it. A compelling solution to this problem exists in the form of revenue sharing. A system of revenue sharing would provide student-athletes with more unbiased compensation, while still promoting both academics and athletics. A revenue-sharing plan would not unnecessarily burden all universities, but would ensure that those universities making a profit fairly distribute these revenues to the student-athletes who helped raise the funds.

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, a word or phrase is an obstacle to comprehension. The discussion and revision that follows each example suggests a path to clarity. 1. Technology companies have a very different mind-set to traditional financial institutions. Comparisons structured as one is in this sentence should employ from rather than to, and note the insertion of the phrase â€Å"that of the† to indicate that the comparison is between mind-sets and not the entities that have the mind-sets: â€Å"Technology companies have a very different mind-set from that of traditional financial institutions.† 2. The agency found that contrary to its claims, World Wide Wickets failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data. This sentence has an unclear antecedent: The pronoun its appears to refer to â€Å"the agency,† because no other entity has yet been identified, but it is a reference to the company subsequently mentioned. For clarity, use a specific proper noun (for example, â€Å"World Wide Wickets†) or a specific common noun (for example, â€Å"(the) company†) first, then a pronoun (or, in this case, use a proper noun on first reference and a common noun on second reference, bypassing the need for a pronoun at all): â€Å"The agency found that contrary to the claims of World Wide Wickets, the company failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data.† 3. Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, as does opponent John Smith and many others. This sentence is ambiguous- it could mean that Smith and many others face the same criticism as Jones, or the phrase â€Å"as does† could apply not to the verb faces but to the verb oppose. (In this case, the latter option applies.) To eliminate possible confusion, chose a clearer word or phrase in place of the nebulous â€Å"as does†: â€Å"Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, including opponent John Smith and many others.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Oppose and Opposed To